Distance Education Graduates Earn Less than Campus-Based in China

In a fascinating study Fengliang LI, of Tsinghua University, has found that that graduates in China have a higher income, but those who studied online don't get quite as much. Online college graduates get about 24% less than their campus based counterparts, and for a degree 39% more. However, as the author points out, the lower salary may not be due to the form of education. Distance education provides access for people who could not otherwise obtain a higher education qualification.

Reference

Li, F. (2018). The Expansion of Higher Education and the Returns of Distance Education in China. The International Review Of Research In Open And Distributed Learning, 19(4). doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i4.2881

How Scholars Trumped Teachers at the Modern University

Browsing the shelves of the UNSW Canberra Library, I came across "How scholars trumped teachers: change without reform in university curriculum, teaching, and research, 1890-1990" by Larry Cuban (1999). This book is a case study comparing the history and medical facilities of Standford University.  The author argues that the modern US university evolved from a combination of German research university and English teaching colleges. The result of this merging is tension between between the role of teaching and research, which has been unresolved for more than a hundred years. The author argues that the many attempts to change have failed.

Unfortunately the Cuban does not offer an explanation as to why the combined teaching/research model of the US university (and university in Australia) has been so successful. I suggest it is simply that a research reputation is a good way to market courses. A student may well get a better education from a college which has staff trained to teach, but the resulting qualification will not be as prestigious as one from a research institution.

As Cuban points out, university academics tend to be promoted based on research results, not teaching expertise, despite attempts to reform this. Unfortunately, what is detailed as having been attempted and failed at Standford decades ago sound very much like some of the reforms proposed to promote education at Australian universities today. Those reforms appear to be doomed to failure, just as those at Standford were.

The problem, as Cuban details, is inconsistency between universities saying they value quality teaching, and rewarding staff with promotions for it. One way to resolve this would be to by using specialist staff for each function. This would be, I suggest, similar to a car company which has a motor racing team to bring prestige to the brand. The racing drivers, mechanics and engineers are not expected to be involved in the design or manufacture of mass produced passenger cars, but just help promote them trough success on the racetrack.

Even if they wanted to build passenger cars, a racing car team  would not be qualified to do so, as the demands of racing and ordinary day driving are very different. Similarly, even if researchers wanted to teach, their research skills do not equip them to teach. The researchers can bring prestige to the university, and thus promote enrollments in courses, but not teach the courses.

Lego Serious Play at ANU

A Lego Serious Play workshop will be held at the Australian National University in Canberra. This is part of the TELFest a showcase of innovative use of technology for learning, 5 November 2018.  . I have previously been a participant in one of these workshops run by Dr Stephen Dann and observed another. The first had six teachers reflecting on learning, the second with three hundred software engineers. The insights which come from paying with a few bricks are hard to believe, unless you have participated in one of these sessions. The event is free, but registration is required.

ps: I will be speaking at TELFest, on "Ten Years Teaching Graduate Students Online: Some Hard Lessons".

Zero-Carbon Energy for the Asia-Pacific Wins ANU Grand Challenge

The project "Zero-Carbon Energy for the Asia-Pacific" has won the Australian National University Grand Challenge.  This project will be funded to research how to capture solar and wind renewable energy on a large scale in north-west Australia, then export it to Asia.

TELFest: showcase of innovative use of technology for learning at ANU

The Australian National University (ANU) is holding TELFest a showcase of innovative use of technology for learning, in Canberra, 5 November 2018. The event is free, but registration is required.

Some topics:

• How can you engage students in class? This session focuses on interactive teaching tools and techniques.
• Are you thinking of reinvigorating your course and curriculum? Learn more about course and curriculum (re)design.
• Workshop: Designing for Interactive Learning: A Case at the Lab.
• Workshop: Building on the Bricks of the Lego Serious Play for the Classrooms Experience.

I am speaking at 11am, on "Ten Years Teaching Graduate Students Online: Some Hard Lessons".

Ten Years Teaching Graduate Students Online: Some Hard Lessons

 

I will be speaking on "Ten Years Teaching Graduate Students Online: Some Hard Lessons", at ANU TELFest, in Canberra, 5 November 2018. Here is the extended outline:

Ten Years Teaching Graduate Students Online: Some Hard Lessons

Tom Worthington, MEd FHEA FACS CP

Honorary Lecturer

ANU Research School of Computer Science, Australian National University

Summary

The online graduate course "ICT Sustainability" was first run in 2009 and has been offered each year since by ANU, two other institutions in Australia and in North America. Course designer Tom Worthington discusses how the needs of global industry and academia were incorporated and the changes made in the ten years this award winning course has been running. Tom discusses how to keep students working online and keep study relevant to the workplace. Adapting the course for industry, open universities and as a free open online module are covered.

The Course

The Australian Computer Society identified a need for training of computer professionals in environmental issues in 2008. Tom Worthington was commissioned to design a 12 week online course on what was then called “Green Computing”  (Worthington, 2012). This was intended to be delivered as part of an industry graduate certificate for computer professionals. The course was designed for the Moodle learning management system and released under a Creative Commons license. The first cohort of students started the course in early 2009. At this time the Australian National University had transitioned to the Moodle system and the porting of the course from ACS to ANU was found to be relatively simple. The first cohort of ANU students commenced in second semester 2009.

Two cohorts of students (ACS and ANU) progressed through the course a few weeks apart with the same tutor, who was also the course designer. While the course content was identical for the two cohorts, there were subtle differences in assessment for the vocational and university cohorts. Later one of the graduates of the ANU course adapted the material for Athabasca University Canada, creating a third version (Stewart, ?). Athabasca staff later created self paced MOOC-like version of the course, resulting in four known versions (the course materials are open access, so more may exist). All known versions are listed in the introduction to the published course notes for the ANU course, along with details of revisions (Worthington, 2017b).

Addressing Global Requirements

The course was designed for the needs of the global computer industry and international qualifications standards. Course content and assessment is aligned with the Skills Framework for the Information Age (SFIA Foundation, 2009). The course is also designed for the requirements of the international accreditation of computer professional qualifications under the Soul Accord (2011).

Evolving Teaching and Assessment Techniques

The course was designed for online delivery, not having been adapted from a face-to-face course.  A set of text based notes are provided to students electronically (also published as a book), along with readings and optional videos. Unlike many online courses there are no recorded lectures, instead students are guided through the text with weekly discussion questions. Students were initially given a weekly grade by the tutor based on their answering and discussion in a text based forum. This was later changed to peer assessment using Moodle's forum module. Athabasca's self paced version of the course introduced weekly automated quizzes and these were adopted for ANU using Moodle's quiz module. The latest version of the course assessment has 20% for weekly forum contributions (2% per week, best 10 of 12 weeks, by peer assessment), 10% automated quizzes (10 x 1% each) and two assignments of 35% each (each in two parts: 5% plan, 30% do).

Some of the hard lessons

1. Online Teaching is a Skill to Learn: The initial course design was adapted from an existing ACS online course by a university lecturer with no formal training in course design and no experience as an online student. Subsequent formal training in course design and particularly experience of being an online student, made the process much easier (Worthington, 2017a).

2. Videos Are Not Necessary for Online Courses: The course was developed using traditional distance education techniques, with text based notes,  text based asynchronous communication between students and with staff. This has proved robust and successful. Students undertaking the online course achieve similar results to those for their conventional lecture based on-campus courses.

3. Peer Assessment Works: Peer assessment of students produced similar results to tutor assessment. Students accepted this form of assessment, provided it was made clear a tutor was checking the process.

4. Marks Are Needed to Keep Online Students Working: The course assessment scheme has marks awarded every week for discussion and a quiz. This was found necessary to keep students studying. Without the routine of a face-to-face class to attend it is too easy for students to neglect their online studies. The assessment scheme has been adjusted several time to attempt to find the correct balance between small rewards for weekly work, and large assessment items for evaluating deeper knowledge. The current scheme limits the grade a student can achieve from the weekly work to a “Credit”.

5. A little feedback goes a long way: Students are provided with weekly feedback. This consists of their mark for the week and one or two sentences. This has been found to be effective, as students look out for the mark. The weekly marks have also been found to be a good indicator of student progress. Students at risk can be identified from their low marks in the first few weeks of the course.

6. Provide Accessible Notes to Student's Phones: Learning Management Systems, such as Moodle, are now capable of providing  most of their functions to a student via a mobile phone. However, the course content has to be suitably formatted. Much time and trouble can be saved by formatting the course materials as accessible HTML documents, which will scale to fit on the student's phone or laptop. There is then no need for a special mobile version of the software or course materials. As the course materials are in a standard web format they can also be  easily ported to other software, and produced as an eBook or printed book

Demonstration

1. Globals skills definitions translated to Learning Outcomes and Assessment Tasks.
2. Text based course eBook also published book.
3. Content reflows for Mobile devices.
4. Automated quizzes.
5. Peer assessed forums.

Course eBook and Published Book

 

 

 

Responsive & reflowing for mLearning

 

 

Automated quizzes

 

Peer assessed forums

 References 

1. Seoul Accord Secretariat, (2011). Seoul Accord. URL: http://www.seoulaccord.org/
2. SFIA Foundation. (2009). Skills Framework for the Information Age. URL: http://www.sfia.org.uk/
3. Stewart, B (?). Green ICT Strategies, COMP 635, Athabasca University, Canada. URL: http://www.athabascau.ca/syllabi/comp/comp635.php
4. Worthington, T. (2012, July). A Green computing professional education course online: Designing and delivering a course in ICT sustainability using Internet and eBooks. In Computer Science & Education (ICCSE), 2012 7th International Conference on (pp. 263-266). IEEE. URL: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSE.2012.6295070
5. Worthington, T. (2017a). Digital Teaching In Higher Education: Designing E-learning for International Students of Technology, Innovation and the Environment. URL: http://www.tomw.net.au/digital_teaching/introduction.shtml#user_goals
6. Worthington, T. (2017b). ICT Sustainability: Assessment and Strategies for a Low Carbon Future. URL: http://www.tomw.net.au/ict_sustainability/introduction.shtml